The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs

The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs

Busra, Part of the citadel wall

Busra, Part of the citadel wall

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman, domed structure (mashhad) and minaret of the Great Mosque

Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman, domed structure (mashhad) and minaret of the Great Mosque

Madrasat al-Firdaws, back iwan

Madrasat al-Firdaws, back iwan

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south – courtyard and arcades

Burj as-Saʿa, qastal window

Burj as-Saʿa, qastal window

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a2_Close-up view of ornamental medallion/ window

Previous state, inscription in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a3_Close-up view of inscription

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Previous state, inscription in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a3_Close-up view of inscription

Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance

Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Tower north of Bab Antakiya. Condition after partial collapse

Fig.41-c_Rubble management_Partial collapse of façade in 2019

One of the towers of Damascus Citadel

One of the towers of Damascus Citadel

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a1_Close-up view of ornamental panel

Previous state, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a_Main front in 1995, with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a4_Close-up view of carved ornamental star

The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs

The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Burj as-Saʿa, mechanical clock

Burj as-Saʿa, mechanical clock

Northern Palmyrenean chalk heights, lonely Atlantic pistachio in the riverbed of a dried-up wadi

Northern Palmyrenean chalk heights, lonely Atlantic pistachio in the riverbed of a dried-up wadi

Interior view, courtyard of Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil

Interior view, courtyard of Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil

General view of Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Imam Ismaʿil

General view of Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Imam Ismaʿil

Inner courtyard, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Inner courtyard, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Raʾs al-ʿAyn, view from the garden to the late Ottoman house, situated on a slope

Raʾs al-ʿAyn, view from the garden to the late Ottoman house, situated on a slope

Stories

Roman bridge in at-Tayyiba over the course of the Wadi az-Zaydi

Roman bridge in at-Tayyiba over the course of the Wadi az-Zaydi

View of the Orontes River with rapids

View of the Orontes River with rapids